<p class="Head1"><help:link Id="65629">Terminology Made Easy - Internet Glossary</help:link></p>
<p class="Paragraph">To make your first steps easier, this glossary explains some of the more important terminology you may meet in the Internet, intranet, mail and news.</p>
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<p class="Paragraph">If you are a newcomer to the Internet, you will be confronted with unfamiliar terms: browser, bookmark, e-mail, homepage, search engine, and many others. Don't worry - we explain these and other terms right here.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Click the required term or browse through the descriptions:</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In the Internet language, an Applet refers to a special object contained on an <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> page. It contains a program written in <help:link Id="65629" Eid="java">Java</help:link>, the most widespread Internet language. The object on the page may represent an animation, not as single images loaded from the Internet, but as a separate program executed by your <help:link Id="65629" Eid="browser">Web browser</help:link>. Applets are used for animations, animated text, interactive user input, games and much more.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Under <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, you can insert Applets, self-programmed or downloaded from the Internet into your pages, choose <span class="T1">Insert - Object - Applet</span>. These can be viewed by anyone using a web browser supporting Applets. All other browsers simply ignore the Applets. Visit http://www.gamelan.com for some examples.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A bookmark is a reference for internal pages or files, just like a bookmark in a book. In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> you can set a bookmark on the current help page in the help window.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A browser is a software program used in the World Wide Web to search for specific information. A web browser can display formatted pages that are encoded in <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> document format.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">E-mail stands for electronic mail and is sent in a communication system, for example the Internet. E-mails can contain information in the form of text, images, sounds and other attachments. In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> you can, for example, in <span class="T1">File - Send</span> send the current document as an e-mail attachment. This starts your default e-mail program.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Frames are an important element in the optical design of <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> pages. In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> you can insert floating frames. These frames can incorporate objects, i.e. graphics, movie files, sounds, etc. and can be inserted in HTML pages. The context menu of such a frame shows the available options for restoring or editing frame contents; some of these options are also under <span class="T1">Edit - Object</span>, when the frame is selected.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol and is the standard transfer protocol for files in the Internet. An FTP server is a program on a computer connected to the Internet, which stores files to be transmitted with the aid of FTP. <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>While FTP is responsible for transmitting and downloading Internet files, <help:link Id="65629" Eid="http">HTTP</help:link> (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) provides the connection setup and data transfer between WWW servers and clients.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a document code language, which is used as the file format for WWW documents. It is derived from <help:link Id="65629" Eid="sgml">SGML</help:link> and integrates text, graphics, videos and sound.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">If you want to enter HTML commands directly (for example when doing exercises from one of the many available HTML books), remember that HTML pages are pure text files in 7-bit <help:link Id="65619" Eid="ascii" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">ASCII code</help:link>. Save your document, typed directly in HTML code without umlauts and other special characters of the extended character set, under the document type <span class="T1">Text DOS</span>. Give it the file name extension .HTM. If you later want to open this file in <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> and edit the HTML code, you must load it with the file type <span class="T1">Text DOS</span> and not with the file type <span class="T1">HTML</span>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">There are several references in the Internet providing an introduction to the HTML language.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The HyperText Transfer Protocol is a record of transmission of WWW documents between WWW <help:link Id="65629" Eid="server">servers</help:link> (hosts) and <help:link Id="65629" Eid="browser">browsers</help:link> (clients).</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Hyperlinks are cross-references, highlighted in text in various colors and activated by mouse-click. With the aid of hyperlinks, readers can jump to specific information within a document as well as to related information in other documents. In the Internet it is common, for example, to include hyperlinks on your own homepage, referring to other Internet sites.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> you can assign hyperlinks to text (see <help:link Id="65577">Hyperlink bar</help:link>) as well as to graphics and text frames (see the <help:link Id="67744">Hyperlink</help:link> tab page in the Graphic/Frames/Object dialog and the menu command <help:link Id="65854">Edit - ImageMap</help:link>).</p>
<p class="Paragraph">An ImageMap is a reference-sensitive graphic or a text frame. You can click on defined areas of the graphic or text frame to go to a target (<help:link Id="65629" Eid="url">URL</help:link>), which is linked with the area. The reference areas, along with the linked URLs and corresponding text displayed when resting the mouse pointer on these areas, are defined in the <help:link Id="65854">ImageMap Editor</help:link>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">There are two different types of ImageMaps. A Client Site ImageMap is analyzed on the destination computer, which loaded the graphic from the Internet, while Server Site ImageMap is analyzed on the computer which provides the <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> page in the Internet. In server analysis, clicking an ImageMap sends the position of the cursor within the picture or frame in relative coordinates to the <help:link Id="65629" Eid="server">server</help:link>, and an extra program on the server must react accordingly. In the "modern" client evaluation, clicking a defined "Hot Spot" of the ImageMap activates the linked URL, as if it were a normal text link. The URL appears below the mouse pointer when passing across the ImageMap.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Their various uses make it obvious that ImageMaps can be stored in many different <help:link Id="65629" Eid="imagemapformate">formats</help:link>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:link Id="65629" Eid="imagemap" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">ImageMaps</help:link> are basically divided between those that are analyzed on the <help:link Id="65629" Eid="server" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">server</help:link> (i. e. your Internet provider) and those analyzed on the <help:link Id="65629" Eid="browser" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">web browser</help:link> of the reader's computer.</p>
<p class="Head3"><help:key-word value="Server Site ImageMap" tag="kw65629_16" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Server Site ImageMaps</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Server Site ImageMaps appear for the reader as a picture or frame on the page. Click on the ImageMap with the mouse, and the coordinates of the relative position are sent to the server. Aided by an extra program, the server then determines the next step to take. There are several incompatible methods to define this process, the two most common being:</p>
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<li class="">
<p class="P2">W3C (CERN) HTTP Server (Format type: MAP - CERN)</p>
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<p class="P2">NCSA HTTP Server (Format type: MAP - NCSA)</p>
</li>
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<p class="Paragraph"><help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> creates ImageMaps for both methods. Select the format from the list under <span class="T1">Files of type</span> in the dialog <span class="T1">ImageMap Save As</span>. Separate Map Files are created which you must upload to the server. In any case, you will need to ask your provider or network administrator which type of ImageMaps are supported by the server and how to access the analysis program.</p>
<p class="Head3"><help:key-word value="Client Site ImageMap" tag="kw65629_15" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"/>Client Site ImageMap</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Modern Client Site ImageMaps do not present as much difficulty on the server side. The area of the picture or frame in which the reader can click on is indicated by the appearance of the linked <help:link Id="65629" Eid="url" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">URL</help:link> when the mouse passes over the area. <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>The ImageMap is stored in a layer below the picture and contains information about the referenced regions. The only disadvantage of Client Site ImageMaps is, that older Web browsers cannot read them; a disadvantage that will, however, resolve itself in time.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">When saving the ImageMap, select the file type <span class="T1">SIP - StarView ImageMap</span>, to save the ImageMap directly in a format which can be applied to every active picture or frame in your document. However, if you just want to use the ImageMap on the current picture or text frame, you do not have to save it in any special format. After defining the regions, simply click <span class="T1">Apply</span>. Nothing more is necessary. Client Site ImageMaps saved in <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">HTML</help:link> format are inserted directly into the page in HTML code.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Some common Web browsers can read the Client Site ImageMaps in pixels, as they are defined in the document. In <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, the sizing is based on the original size of the graphic and scaled in the Hit Test. Graphics with fixed sizes or with no size specified will be converted. With relatively-sized graphics, the original size is used. And while graphics with procentual sizing still cannot be managed correctly in some Web browsers, <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> is able to present excellent results.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Intranet refers to local networks in companies, which use <help:link Id="65629" Eid="tcpip">TCP/IP</help:link> for communication purposes and <help:link Id="65629" Eid="http">HTTP</help:link> as its transmission record. An Intranet has an advantage over normal networks in that transmissions via Internet are unproblematic and the required software is not too expensive at the moment.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">This is a 32-bit address in the Internet, written with four numbers between 0 and 255. The four numbers are separated by dots, for example 123.234.56.78. Every user has such an Internet protocol (IP) address. The IP address is normally only assigned dynamically for the duration of the connection. Since this type of address is difficult to remember, you usually address Internet <help:link Id="65629" Eid="server" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">servers</help:link> by name. The "name server" sees that the name is matched to the correct IP address.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Java is a platform independent programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. (http://www.sun.com) which is especially suited for use in the Internet. Web pages and applications programmed with Java can be used on all Java-capable platforms. Java programs are usually developed in a Java environment and then compiled to a "byte code". A .class file is created, which can then be inserted as a "Java Applet" into HTML pages. Several .class files can be combined to a single .jar or .zip file. A Java-capable Web browsers can compile the Java code immediately after receipt without the user having to unpack the archive.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The basic concept of Java consists of sending a more advanced level of instruction (e.g. "draw a line") to the Web browser which then knows how to execute the instruction on the client computer. Thus a Java program can run on any computer which has a Java interpreter or compiler, for example, a Java-capable Web browser, independent of processor type and operating system.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">People often confuse JavaScript and Java Applets. JavaScript is a simple, limited script language for Web browsers used, for example, to display animated text. JavaScript describes objects in a Java-like language and lets users optically enhance their HTML pages without having to learn the entire Java language.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Java Applets, on the other hand, are "proper" programs in "byte code" as described above.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Extensions providing additional functionality in <help:link Id="65629" Eid="browser">Web Browsers</help:link> are referred to as Plug-Ins.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:link Id="65629" Eid="plugin2">More about Plug-Ins</help:link>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Plug-In is a term used in various contexts:</p>
<p class="Head3">Plug-Ins in <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname></p>
<p class="Paragraph">You will notice in <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> that the Object bar and the contents of the format menus change after certain operations . If you insert a diagram in your text document, for example, you'll see icons and commands for editing the diagram, in fact the same ones as for diagram documents. In this sense, we refer to the diagram document as a Plug-In within the text document.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">This mechanism is even clearer if you insert a presentation document in a text document using <span class="T1">Insert - Object - Plug-In</span>. In the document window of your presentation document you'll see a text document and different toolbars.</p>
<p class="Head3">Using Plug-Ins to extend your programs</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Plug-Ins, generally speaking, are software additions to particular applications which provide enhanced functionality. Often import and export filters for various file formats are stored as Plug-Ins in a Plug-In directory.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Netscape web browser extensions produced by Netscape Communication Corporation are also called Plug-Ins. These are external programs mainly taken from the multi-media field and which communicate with the browser via standardized interfaces. These Plug-Ins can be linked to <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> documents.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> supports 32-bit Plug-Ins that can run under Netscape.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The 32-bit plug-ins, which you have already installed in a version of Netscape already existing in your system, will be automatically recognized by <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>from the registration data and offered in the file-open-dialog under <span class="T1">File type </span>. If you want to install 32-bit plug-ins directly in <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, then this is possible with most plug-in installation programs. Enter as the destination the {installpath}/share/plugin folder that you may have created and logged into under <span class="T1">Tools - Options... - <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> - Paths</span>. Some plug-ins, however, require Netscape to be installed before they can be installed.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A proxy is a computer in the network acting as a kind of clipboard for data transfer. Whenever you access the Internet from a company network and request a Web page that has already been read by a colleague, the proxy will be able to display these much quicker as long as it's still in the memory. All that has to be checked in this case is that the page stored in the proxy is the latest version. If this is the case, the page won't have to be downloaded from the much slower Internet but can be loaded directly from the proxy.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In networks, a server is a computer which provides other computers with data and programs etc. Servers exist, for example, as file servers in local networks, as Internet servers or as special FTP, mail and news servers. Moreover, an application that provides data for other programs (Clients) is called an (application) server. The <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Application Server is a program that runs on a network server and supplies data to the <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Remote Clients on workstations.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">SGML stands for "Standard Generalized Markup Language". It is used to define the logical structure of documents. This does not depend on the later appearance of documents. A certain paragraph for example, will be coded as a title of the first order which is followed by a paragraph with the Bodytext coding. SGML also defines how non-text information, such as videos or readings, is to be inserted in the text. In structured texts, SGML not only defines structures (in the DTD = Document Type Definition) but also ensures they are consistently used.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> is a specialized application of SGML. This means that most Web browsers support only a limited range of SGML standards and that almost all SGML-enabled systems can produce attractive HTML pages. The first line of a HTML document invariably contains a SGML instruction that defines all following lines as belonging to a HTML subset.</p>
<p class="PropText"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"></p>
<p class="Paragraph">SMTP and POP3 are two widely-used protocols for transmitting <help:link Id="65629" Eid="e-mail">e-mail</help:link>. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the usual protocol used by a modem or ISDN connection to communicate with your Internet provider's mail server to send and receive e-mail. POP3 (Post Office Protocol, Version 3) is a protocol used by your computer to get e-mail from the Internet provider's mail server.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Style sheets are new features of <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">HTML</help:link> 3 formats for Web documents. You can find the latest on style sheets at http://www.w3.org/Style/Activity. Style sheets aid in transferring the original formatting in your <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> documents to HTML documents, and generally provide better results than the normal HTML format <help:link Id="65629" Eid="tags">tags</help:link>. Information is listed in the style sheets for effects such as fonts, font sizes, and line spacing. The list is in HTML code between the new tags <style> and </style> in the form of a long comment. The tags are ignored by <help:link Id="65629" Eid="browser">Web browsers</help:link> that cannot yet handle style sheets.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:link Id="65629" Eid="style2">More about Styles</help:link>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In addition to this kind of embedded style sheet, you can use your own style sheet files which are referenced by HTML documents. This allows you to make style changes to just one file that then affect all documents.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are style sheets which build on one another. The style sheets, hierarchically arranged under a defined head style sheet, "inherit" all properties of the style sheet above them, and then include some additional attributes.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Netscape Navigator 4 recognizes the CSS extension Dynamic HTML which makes it possible to layer objects on a page in three dimensions. Dynamic HTML offers relative and absolute positioning of page elements and visibility as a new property. A detailed description can be found under http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/WD-positioning.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A search engine is a service in the Internet based on a software program used to explore the vast amount of information using key words.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:link Id="65619" Eid="ascii">HTML</help:link> pages written in 7-bit <help:link Id="65629" Eid="html">ASCII</help:link> text contain certain structural and formatting instructions called tags. Tags are code words enclosed by brackets in the document description language HTML. Many tags contain text or <help:link Id="65629" Eid="hyperlink">hyperlink references</help:link> between the opening and closing brackets. For example, titles are marked by the tags <h1> at the beginning and </h1> at the end of the title. Some tags only appear on their own such as <br> for a line break or <img ...> to link a graphic.</p>
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<p class="Head2"><a name="tcpip"/>TCP/IP</p>
<p class="Paragraph">This abbreviation stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. TCP is responsible for making and breaking the connections between all computers in a network. It controls the data flow in the net and ensures data transfers are complete. IP is responsible for organizing and addressing data. Prior to transfer, the data is divided into packets which are then rejoined on the remote computer. This protocol is used both in local networks and in the Internet.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) displays the address of a document or a <help:link Id="65629" Eid="server">server</help:link> in the Internet. The general structure of a URL varies according to type and is generally in the form Service://Hostname:Port/Path/Page#Mark although not all elements are always required. An URL can be a FTP address, a WWW (HTTP) address, a file address or an e-mail address.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A Web server is a computer linked to the Internet with a program suitable for displaying WWW documents and preparing these for downloading.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The "Extensible Markup Language" is a language standard for documents developed under the direction of Sun Microsystems. The development objectives for XML included unproblematic use of XML documents in the Internet, support for a broad range of applications and compatibility with <help:link Id="65629" Eid="sgml">SGML</help:link>. A detailed description of XML can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml; you will find a FAQ list at http://www.ucc.ie/xml/.</p>
